Route of drug administration in pharmacology

Mean of medicine administration – There are multiple types of medicines available. There are tablets, capsules, injections, pastes, jellies, and liquids, etc. Different routes are used to take these medicaments, like as by injection, mouth, skin, anus, vagina, etc.

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Mean of medicine administration –

There are multiple types of medicines available. There are tablets, capsules, injections, pastes, jellies, and liquids, etc. Different routes are used to take these medicaments, like as by injection, mouth, skin, anus, vagina, etc.

Why are needed route of medicine administration –

The effect of medicines depends on the route, when the medicine is taken by mouth, the effect of the drug is slow, but when the drug is taken by injection, the effect of the drug is immediate. That’s why the route is used.

Why is the route of drug administration necessary?

The effect of medicines depends on the route, when the medicine is taken orally, the effect of the medicine is slow, but when the medicine is taken by injection, the effect of the medicine is immediate. That is why this route is used.

Type of medicine administration –

1. Systemic Route- It’s two types –

• Enteral – Oral, Sublingual, Rectal
• Parenteral – Inhalational, Transdermal, Injections
• Non-Systemic Route( Local action route)-
• Skin topical
• Intranasal
• optical drops
• Mucosal- throat
• vagina, mouth, ear
• Inhalational
• Transdermal

Route of Drug administration –

Intro – Route of administration is an important factor which influences the absorption of a medicine.

Division of route –

1. Oral or Enteral route
2. Parenteral route
3. Local application/ Topical

1. Oral Route –

It’s the most Generally Used for the medicine administration. Ex. – syrup, tables, etc.

Advantage :-

• It’s a safe, convenient and provident route.
• Self drug is possible.
• pullback of the medicine is possible.
• It’s painless.
• The medicines which are introduce by this route is cheaper.

Disadvantage –

• Onset of medicine action is slow. It isn’t for emergency.
• medicines which are bitter in taste can not be administered.
• medicines producing nausea and vomiting can not be administered.
• The medicine may be inactivated by gastric enzymes.
• This route isn’t possible in an unconscious patient and old patient.

2. parenteral route –

In this route the medicine administered directly into the blood rotation. Ex. injection

Advantage –

• It’s further suitable for emergency condition and unconscious patient.
• The Onset action of the medicine is quick and fast.
• The medicine which are destroyed by the gastric acid are administered by this route.

Disadvantages –

• Pain may be produced by injection.
• This route is expensive.
• Self drug isn’t possible.
• pullout of the medicine isn’t possible.
• Need of the aid/ trained person for the administration for this medicine.

Types of the parenteral route –

1. I/ V( intravenous)
2. I/ M( intramuscular)
3. S/ C( subcutaneous)
4. I/ D( intra dermal)
5. I/ P( intra peritoneal)
6. I/ T( intra thecal)

1. Intravenous – The medicine is transferred directly into a superficial vein. Systemic rotation and produces immediate effect.

2. Intramuscular – The drug is injected deep into the muscle tissue. The rate of absorption is unchanged and the onset of action is rapid.

3. Subcutaneous – In this route the medicine is injected directly into the subcutaneous layer of the skin.

4. Intra dermal – The medicine is injected into the endodermis layer of the skin. Generally used for diagnostic purpose. Former BCG Vaccine, susceptibility testing.

5. Intra Peritoneal – In this route, a drug is injected into the peritoneal cavity. This applies more often to animals than humans.

6. Intrathecal – In this route, the drugs are injected into the brain at the specific position.

3. Topical route –

Medicines in the form of powders, pastes, lotions, drops and ointments can be applied locally to act at the application site. Medicines can be applied to the mucous membranes of the nose, vagina, urethra and returns.

Advantage –

• Less side effects.
• Self-treatment is possible.
• High patient compliance.

Disadvantage –

• They give only local action/limited action.
• The action is slow.