Microbiology and Classification of Bacteria

The microbiology is the study of the biology of micro-organism(microbes- Bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa).The medicinal biology deals with micro organism which produce infection or infectious disease in man.

---

Principle of microbiology :-

The microbiology is the study of the biology of micro-organism(microbes- Bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa).The medicinal biology deals with micro organism which produce infection or infectious disease in man.

Classification of micro-organism :-

1. Prokaryotes eg.- Bacteria
2. Eukaeyotes eg.- Algae, Protozoa, fungi
3. Virus eg.- Viruses

Structure of Bacteria in microbiology :-

A bacteria contains an outer cell membrane which consists node Outer cell wall and Inner cytoplasmic membrane.

It is the cytoplasm there are include such as ribosomes, granules and DNA the bacterial cell as a whole may be enclosed in a capsule. some bacteria may have flagella which are used for movement and fimbriae which are used for adhesion(attachment of two surface).

Classification of Bacteria :-

The base is of gram staining the bacteria classified into two types-

1. Gram positive bacteria
2. Gram negative bacteria

a) Gram positive bacteria :-

These bacteria eat up germs stain, resist decolorization and appear violet color they are call as gram positive bacteria. Ex.- staphylococcus

b) Gram negative bacteria :-

When stained with gram stain technique, gram-negative bacteria appear pinkish red in color and longer than their width. The following are some examples of this type of bacteria. ex.- salmonella , pseudomonas aeruginosa , Vibrio parahaemolyticus etc.

Isolation of bacteria :-

The various methods use of

• Surface plating
• Isolation by difference in temperature
• Isolation by selective media
• Isolation by aerobic and anaerobic condition
• Isolation/separation of motile and non-motile
• Separation of vegetative and spore forming bacteria
• Isolation by animal inoculation

Bacterial staining :-

Bacteria do not show much structural detail under a light microscope, so the bacteria must be smoky to produce the color. Stings in which bacteria remain alive are called vital stemming. If bacterial staining is performed, the process is called supravital staining.

The various methods used for staining of Bacteria :-

• Simple Staining
• Negative Staining
• Impregnation Method
• Differential Techniques

1. Simple Staining :-

These methods stain used in or dyes such as methylene blue or basic fuchsin these days provide color and color to bacteria.

2. Negative Staining :-

In this method the bacteria are mixed with dyes like india ink or nidrosin. These dyes provide a uniformly coloured background this tech. is useful or demonstrating bacterial capsules which do not take simple stains.

3. Impregnation method :-

In cells and structures which are can not be seen under the microscope. These structures can be made visible they are by integration of silver on the surface.

4. Differential Method :-

These methods stains impart differential colors to different bacteria or bacterial structure.

Read also – looking for information on ointment here’s the complete classification explained