Best explanation of the urinary system with anatomy
The urinary system plays a crucial role in eliminating waste from the human body. It consists of two kidneys, two ureters , Urinary bladder and Urethra.
Part of the urinary system –
Urinary System
Kidney :-
They are two bean shaped organs lying on the posterior abdominal wall, on each of the vertebral column.
Function of kidneys in urinary system :-
- Removing water and waste products resulting from the metabolism of proteins.
- Removing harmful substances, medications, and toxins.
- Excretion of excess salt.
- Regulation of PH of blood.
Position of the Kidneys :-
The Kidneys extend from the level of last thoracic vertebra to the third lumbar vertebra. The size of the left kidney is greater than that of the right kidney.
Each kidney measures 11 cm in length, 5 cm in width and 3 cm in thickness and weights about 150 gm.
The outer border of kidney is convex and inner border is concave and it is called as hilum.
The hilum serves as the entry and exit point for blood vessels in the kidney.
The suprarenal gland can be found at the kidney’s apex.
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Structure of kidneys :-
Human Urinary System Explain – Surrounding the kidney is a protective layer called the fibrous capsule.
Consist of –
- An outer cortex that is reddish-brown in color.
- Pyramids are located in the inner medulla of the kidney.
- An upper expanded end of ureter called pelvis.
- Nephrons play a vital role in the functioning of the kidneys, serving as their fundamental units.
- Malpighian bodies made of Bowman’s capsule and and glomerulus.
- Renal tubules
Malpighian bodies :-
It is made of ↴
- Upper expanded end of the renal tubule called Bowman’s capsule.
- Bunch of capillaries called glomerulus which are packed in Bowman’s capsule.
- Malpighian bodies are present in the cortex.
Renal tubules :-
It is consist of four parts.↴
Proximal convoluted tubule situated in the cortex.
Loop of Henle present in the medulla.
Distal convolute tubule present in the cortex.
These tubules pass through the medulla and then open up into the kidney’s pelvis.
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Formation of Urine :-
Three processes are involved in the formation of urine by the kidneys.
- Glomerular filtration
- Tubular secretion
- Tubular reabsorption
1. Glomerular filtration :-
The filtration of water, salt and other substances occurs in the glomeruli. Glomerular filtration is the fluid that is formed after filtration.
About 100 ml of glomerular filtration id formed 1 min. This filtrate passes into the PCT.
2. Tubular secretion :-
It is a active mechanism occurs in C.T.
Normal or abnormal substance present in excess.
K+, H+ and drug like penicillin are excreted by tubular secretion.
3. Tubular reabsorption :-
Approximately 100 ml of fluid passes through the glomerulus in a minute. So about 6 liters of glomerular filtrate can be formed in one hour. But the volume of urine eliminated per day is only about 1.5 liters.
It is so, because nearly 99% of the Glomerula filtrate is reabsorbed. Reabsorption of water occurs in the convoluted tubules and collecting tubule addition to water. Some salt are also reabsorbed in the renal tubules.
Urine is the fluid that results from the above three processes. it enters the collecting tubules and then into the pelvis of kidney from there it enters the urinary bladder through ureter.
Ureter :-
It is the duct which carries urine from the kidney to bladder. It is a tube like structure measuring about 26 cm in length.
Afterwards, it travels through the abdominal cavity and eventually connects to the back of the urinary bladder.
Urinary bladder :-
The muscular sac that stores urine is shaped like a pear. The lowest part of bladder is called as base and upper part is called as fundus.
Bladder is made of four layers.
- Outer serous coat
- Muscular coat
- Submucosea
- Mucous lining made of transitional epithelium.
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Urethra :-
The canal that carries urine from the bladder to the outside is called a urethra.
Composition of urine :-
The volume of urine excreted in man varies from 1 to 2 liters daily. Urine consists of water – 96% and urea – 2 % and uric acid & salt – 2%
Disease of Kidney :-
1. Uremia :– It is a metabolic disorder cause by kidney damage.
2. Renal hypertension :– The hypertension cab be the cause or the result of renal disease.